All Reports

July 20, 2026

Why Should U.S. Banks Bother Lending More to Consumers?

By Adam Josephson

I’ve written over the past couple of years (link) about U.S. banks’ rapidly growing preference for lending to other financial institutions (nondepository financial institutions/NDFIs) and for the purpose of buying securities (margin loans) in lieu…

Read More >>

July 18, 2026

The Relationship Between Margin Debt and U.S. Stock Market Capitalization

By Adam Josephson

I wrote yesterday about the ongoing explosion of margin debt provided by broker-dealers: it hit a new record of $1.5 trillion in June, up nearly 50% YoY and growing wildly disproportionately to the U.S. economy…

Read More >>

July 17, 2026

The Margin Debt Explosion Continues

By Adam Josephson

As cartoonishly good as the big U.S. banks’ 2Q results were (thanks to trading and investment banking activity) to borrow a phrase from Jonathan Weil of the Wall Street Journal (link), just as cartoonish has…

Read More >>

July 15, 2026

Big Banks Reported Blowout 2Q Results. Why Are Their Net Interest Margins Thin And in Some Cases Declining in That Case?

By Adam Josephson

As Jonathan Weil of the Wall Street Journal reported this morning (link), all five big banks that reported their 2Q results yesterday topped revenue and earnings estimates, and some of the numbers were “cartoonishly good.”…

Read More >>

July 14, 2026

The Shift From Price-Insensitive to Price-Sensitive U.S. Treasury Holders Continues

By Adam Josephson

I recently wrote about the ongoing shift in the U.S. Treasury market from price-insensitive holders such as foreign governments and the Federal Reserve (Fed) to price-sensitive holders such as hedge funds (link). I concluded that…

Read More >>

July 14, 2026

JPMorgan Chase: The Market is “Clearly Extremely Risk On”

By Adam Josephson

Predictably (link), the biggest U.S. banks reported blowout results in equity trading and investment banking (Wall St. activities) this morning, with their equity trading revenue nearly doubling versus a year ago in some cases. Meanwhile,…

Read More >>

July 10, 2026

Delta the Perfect Example of the ‘K-Shaped Economy’

By Adam Josephson

Delta topped consensus 2Q earnings estimates and guided above consensus for 3Q, bearing in mind that the airline caters to high-income customers. Delta’s CEO said on CNBC (link) that “our consumers are at the top…

Read More >>

July 9, 2026

The Signs of Discretionary Spending Weakness Are Everywhere One Looks

By Adam Josephson

I just wrote about PepsiCo’s 2Q operating profit miss and about intensifying category weakness among consumer companies owing to rising inflationary pressures (link). I neglected to mention that Costco’s June same-store sales growth was lower…

Read More >>

July 9, 2026

PepsiCo’s 2Q Results The Latest in a Long Line of Examples of Consumer Discretionary Weakness

By Adam Josephson

I’ve been writing for well over a year about deteriorating discretionary sales in the U.S. (most recently here, just over a week ago), evident in a wide range of consumer companies’ results as well as…

Read More >>

July 5, 2026

Why Was U.S. Economic Growth So Weak Post-GFC?

By Adam Josephson

I wrote yesterday (link) about the ongoing reclassifications/restatements of bank loan data following a reporting change that bank regulators made effective in 4Q24. The reporting change required more granular reporting of banks’ loans to nonbanks/nondepository…

Read More >>

July 4, 2026

Yet Another Reclassification from “Real Economy” Loans to Financial Sector Loans

By Adam Josephson

For several quarters (I last wrote about the trend here), the Federal Reserve (Fed) has reported a reclassification of bank loans from commercial and industrial (C&I) and consumer loans (i.e., loans to the real economy)…

Read More >>

July 2, 2026

Health Care and Social Assistance Remain the Primary Drivers of Private Sector Job Growth

By Adam Josephson

This morning’s disappointing June jobs report highlighted an ongoing trend: the disproportionate share of total and private sector payroll growth coming from healthcare and social assistance. They contributed 95% of the growth in private payrolls…

Read More >>

July 1, 2026

The Discretionary Consumer Spending Weakness Continues

By Adam Josephson

U.S. retail sales were up an eye-opening 6.9% YoY in May (link), prompting commentary about the supposed strength/resilience of consumer spending (link). Commentators acknowledged that much of the growth came from inflation but nonetheless characterized…

Read More >>

June 28, 2026

The NDFI Loan Surge Is Set to Continue

By Adam Josephson

I’ve been writing for nearly two years about U.S. banks’ surging loan growth to nonbanks/nondepository financial institutions (NDFIs) such as private credit and equity funds, broker-dealers, hedge funds, etc. dating back to the launch of…

Read More >>

June 27, 2026

Highly Leveraged Hedge Funds Own Nearly 9% of the Treasury Market

By Adam Josephson

I’m back from a brief hiatus. The zaniness in asset markets continues, with SpaceX’s $25 billion bond issuance going from having been more than 3.5 times oversubscribed to experiencing significant selling pressure in the span…

Read More >>