All Reports

Sakonnet Research provides independent analysis of economic, consumer and industry trends, with a focus on the factors affecting demand, pricing, costs and business performance.

Research is led by Adam Josephson, CFA and draws on economic data and industry analysis to provide practical insight into changing market conditions.

Explore the latest reports below. For questions about Sakonnet Research or its research coverage, contact us.

October 26, 2026

Special Report: What the Fed’s Crisis Tools Do and Don’t Do, and the Irrelevance of Most Bank Reserves

By Adam Josephson

I try to stick to one or two paragraphs in my notes, as readers have limited time and attention spans. This note is not that! With asset markets whipsawing on a daily basis as concerns…

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October 16, 2026

Foreign Governments Continue to Reduce Their Treasury Holdings, Down to Early 2012 Levels

By Adam Josephson

I wrote earlier today about ongoing declines in foreign governments’ U.S. Treasury holdings (link) as part of a piece on the worsening structural problems in the Treasury market, which also include huge U.S. budget deficits…

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October 16, 2026

Margin Debt Hits $1.48 Trillion in September, Near a Record High

By Adam Josephson

I last wrote about soaring financial leverage yesterday (link) and this morning (link), and as if on cue, FINRA released margin debt data for September. The amount of money investors have borrowed to buy securities…

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October 16, 2026

The Structural Problems in the Treasury Market Are Only Worsening

By Adam Josephson

As the Financial Times reported this morning (link), U.S. Treasurys are headed for their best week since February owing at least in part to growing concerns about the AI trade, as investors have been dumping…

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October 15, 2026

The Limits of a Debt-Fueled Economic and Stock Market Expansion

By Adam Josephson

I’ve written extensively about the starring role that record-high financial leverage (at least in many cases) has played in the U.S. stock market advance in recent years. The latest evidence came this morning in the…

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October 14, 2026

The Fed’s Beige Book Tells the Story About Consumer Spending

By Adam Josephson

The Federal Reserve (Fed) just published its latest Beige Book survey of economic activity (link); the Fed publishes this report eight times per year. Reports on non-manufacturing sectors indicated little growth, with most Fed districts…

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October 14, 2026

Real Earnings Continue to Go Nowhere

By Adam Josephson

I wrote yesterday about large banks’ characterization of the state of the U.S. consumer (“quite resilient” and “very healthy”) vs. what all manner of consumer companies are reporting (link). This morning brought the September real…

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October 14, 2026

Where’s Bank of America’s Consumer Loan Growth Coming From?

By Adam Josephson

Bank of America, the second-largest U.S. consumer lender after JPMorgan Chase, reported its 3Q results this morning. The composition of its loan growth is illuminating. Its average total loans and leases were up 6% YoY…

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October 13, 2026

The State of the Consumer: Believe What Banks Are Saying or What Consumer Companies are Reporting?

By Adam Josephson

It’s bank earnings season, which means we again got to hear from large banks about the “quite resilient” and “very healthy” consumer (JPMorgan Chase’s words). Thank goodness for that! Banks’ provisions for credit losses –…

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October 9, 2026

NDFI Loans Rapidly Approaching 15% of Total Bank Loans

By Adam Josephson

I’ve been writing for well over a year about the growing and extreme disconnect between the financial sector and the real economy, evidence of which continues to pile up. The wealthiest 1%/10% of households, who…

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October 9, 2026

Delta Highlights Where Discretionary Consumer Spending Growth is Coming From

By Adam Josephson

Delta Air Lines missed consensus profit estimates for the first time in two years and cut its 2026 profit outlook as jet fuel costs surge, a day after PepsiCo cut its full-year profit outlook as…

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October 8, 2026

PepsiCo Cuts Its Profit Guidance As Cost Inflation Worsens; Expect More Where That Came From

By Adam Josephson

PepsiCo this morning cut its full-year core constant currency earnings per share (EPS) growth guidance from the low end of 4-6% to just 1-2% owing to margin pressure in its North American business. PepsiCo Foods…

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October 4, 2026

One Type of Bank Loan to the Real Economy That Really is Growing

By Adam Josephson

I’ve written at length about the disproportionate amount of U.S. commercial banks’ loan and asset growth going to the financial sector rather than to the real economy (households and businesses), most recently yesterday (link). I’ve…

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October 3, 2026

C&I Loans: Here One Week, Gone the Next

By Adam Josephson

I wrote last week about how commercial and industrial (C&I) and consumer loans in the Federal Reserve’s (Fed) weekly H.8 release (commercial banks’ assets and liabilities) often aren’t what they appear because of the Fed’s…

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October 2, 2026

Yet More Evidence of an Economy Dominated by Health Care Spending

By Adam Josephson

I wrote yesterday morning in my note on the ongoing and intensifying sales weakness among consumer companies (see Nike’s latest disappointing report last evening for more evidence of the same trend) about the disproportionate share…

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