All Reports

Sakonnet Research provides independent analysis of economic, consumer and industry trends, with a focus on the factors affecting demand, pricing, costs and business performance.

Research is led by Adam Josephson, CFA and draws on economic data and industry analysis to provide practical insight into changing market conditions.

Explore the latest reports below. For questions about Sakonnet Research or its research coverage, contact us.

July 28, 2026

The Real Economy, Courtesy of Waste Companies

By Adam Josephson

WM, formerly known as Waste Management, reported its 2Q results today, which included a 1.8% decline in its collection and disposal volume and a reduction of its full-year volume expectations (link). The volume decline was…

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July 27, 2026

IP Reportedly Follows PCA’s Price Increase Announcement, but With $80/ton Rather than $140/ton

By Adam Josephson

I received word that International Paper, the largest North American (N.A.) containerboard producer, announced an $80/ton price increase on linerboard and medium and $130/ton on white linerboard, effective September 1. IP’s announcement follows Packaging Corp.’s…

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July 26, 2026

To Hike or Not to Hike

By Adam Josephson

The Federal Reserve (Fed) will decide next week whether to raise interest rates, with markets pricing in a 38% change of a quarter point hike on Wednesday (link). On the one hand, there’s every reason…

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July 23, 2026

It’s a Good Thing The S&P 500 is Increasingly Disconnected From Consumer Spending

By Adam Josephson

Even though consumer spending accounts for 68% of U.S. GDP, it’s had increasingly little bearing on the level of the S&P 500 in recent years thanks to tech companies’ growing dominance and to the increasingly…

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July 21, 2026

The Age of Margin Debt

By Adam Josephson

I wrote last week (link) about the ongoing explosion of margin debt provided by broker-dealers, which is growing at historically high rates and disproportionately to any relevant measure one can think of (U.S. GDP, U.S….

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July 20, 2026

Why Should U.S. Banks Bother Lending More to Consumers?

By Adam Josephson

I’ve written over the past couple of years (link) about U.S. banks’ rapidly growing preference for lending to other financial institutions (nondepository financial institutions/NDFIs) and for the purpose of buying securities (margin loans) in lieu…

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July 18, 2026

The Relationship Between Margin Debt and U.S. Stock Market Capitalization

By Adam Josephson

I wrote yesterday about the ongoing explosion of margin debt provided by broker-dealers: it hit a new record of $1.5 trillion in June, up nearly 50% YoY and growing wildly disproportionately to the U.S. economy…

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July 17, 2026

The Margin Debt Explosion Continues

By Adam Josephson

As cartoonishly good as the big U.S. banks’ 2Q results were (thanks to trading and investment banking activity) to borrow a phrase from Jonathan Weil of the Wall Street Journal (link), just as cartoonish has…

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July 15, 2026

Big Banks Reported Blowout 2Q Results. Why Are Their Net Interest Margins Thin And in Some Cases Declining in That Case?

By Adam Josephson

As Jonathan Weil of the Wall Street Journal reported this morning (link), all five big banks that reported their 2Q results yesterday topped revenue and earnings estimates, and some of the numbers were “cartoonishly good.”…

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July 14, 2026

The Shift From Price-Insensitive to Price-Sensitive U.S. Treasury Holders Continues

By Adam Josephson

I recently wrote about the ongoing shift in the U.S. Treasury market from price-insensitive holders such as foreign governments and the Federal Reserve (Fed) to price-sensitive holders such as hedge funds (link). I concluded that…

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July 14, 2026

JPMorgan Chase: The Market is “Clearly Extremely Risk On”

By Adam Josephson

Predictably (link), the biggest U.S. banks reported blowout results in equity trading and investment banking (Wall St. activities) this morning, with their equity trading revenue nearly doubling versus a year ago in some cases. Meanwhile,…

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July 10, 2026

Delta the Perfect Example of the ‘K-Shaped Economy’

By Adam Josephson

Delta topped consensus 2Q earnings estimates and guided above consensus for 3Q, bearing in mind that the airline caters to high-income customers. Delta’s CEO said on CNBC (link) that “our consumers are at the top…

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July 9, 2026

The Signs of Discretionary Spending Weakness Are Everywhere One Looks

By Adam Josephson

I just wrote about PepsiCo’s 2Q operating profit miss and about intensifying category weakness among consumer companies owing to rising inflationary pressures (link). I neglected to mention that Costco’s June same-store sales growth was lower…

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July 9, 2026

PepsiCo’s 2Q Results The Latest in a Long Line of Examples of Consumer Discretionary Weakness

By Adam Josephson

I’ve been writing for well over a year about deteriorating discretionary sales in the U.S. (most recently here, just over a week ago), evident in a wide range of consumer companies’ results as well as…

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July 5, 2026

Why Was U.S. Economic Growth So Weak Post-GFC?

By Adam Josephson

I wrote yesterday (link) about the ongoing reclassifications/restatements of bank loan data following a reporting change that bank regulators made effective in 4Q24. The reporting change required more granular reporting of banks’ loans to nonbanks/nondepository…

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